Biography
Background & current role
Jerome H. Powell first joined the Federal Reserve Board of Governors in May 2012 and was reappointed in June 2014 to a term ending January 31, 2028. He served as chair of the Board and of the Federal Open Market Committee from February 5, 2018 until May 22, 2026.
When Powell’s chair term ended in May 2026, the Board briefly designated him chair pro tempore while Kevin Warsh awaited swearing-in. Warsh took office as chair on May 22. Powell did not leave the Board: official Federal Reserve membership records continued to list him as a governor, and he continued participating in Board and FOMC votes after the leadership transition.
Powell’s final months as chair were marked by unusually intense political and legal pressure over interest rates and a Federal Reserve headquarters renovation. A federal judge quashed Justice Department subpoenas after finding that prosecutors had produced essentially no evidence of a crime and that the subpoenas were issued for an improper purpose. The Justice Department ended the criminal investigation in April 2026, while a separate Federal Reserve inspector-general review continued.
Role snapshot
Position & relationship
- Position / relationship
- Member, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System; former Federal Reserve Chair
- Affiliation / context
- Federal Reserve Board / independent central bank
- Directory
- Institutions
- Profile status
- Current Federal Reserve governor; former chair
- Service dates
- Federal Reserve governor since May 25, 2012; chair February 5, 2018–May 22, 2026; current Board term ends January 31, 2028
Role history & transitions
Documented current/future role notes
- Kevin Warsh was sworn in as Federal Reserve chair on May 22, ending Powell’s chair service. Federal Reserve records continue to list Powell as a member of the Board of Governors, with his separate Board term running through January 31, 2028.
- The Justice Department ended its criminal investigation into the Federal Reserve renovation and Powell’s congressional testimony after a federal judge had quashed subpoenas and found essentially no evidence supporting suspicion of a crime. A separate Federal Reserve inspector-general review continued.
Claims & evidence
Evidence tracker
January 11, 2026 · Federal Reserve independence / criminal investigation
Powell says the investigation was a consequence of the Fed setting rates independently
STRONGLY SUPPORTED BY THE LATER COURT RECORD — the judge independently found an improper pressure purpose, though Powell’s statement about motive was made before that ruling
18% evidence gapWELL SUPPORTED
NOT SUPPORTEDWhat is being said
Powell said the criminal investigation was not really about the renovation or his congressional testimony, but was a consequence of the Federal Reserve setting interest rates according to its public mandate rather than the President’s preferences.
What the record shows
Chief U.S. District Judge James Boasberg later quashed the subpoenas, finding abundant evidence that their dominant purpose was to pressure Powell to lower rates or resign and that the government had produced essentially no evidence that Powell committed a crime. The Justice Department later ended the criminal investigation.
Response / rebuttal
The Justice Department disputed the judge’s reasoning, sought reconsideration and argued investigators were entitled to pursue the renovation and testimony issues at an early investigative stage.
Limits / uncertainty: The court ruling addressed the purpose and evidentiary basis of the subpoenas; it did not establish every participant’s subjective motive or resolve the separate inspector-general review of renovation management.